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We reviewed and developed an indicator system framework for assessing teaching effect of laparoscopic simulation training through literature research, expert consultation, analytic hierarchy process and factor analysis. We also made an empirical study on the constructed index system. The system included 3 domains (A1: evaluation of laparoscopic simulator; A2: operation evaluation of experimental animals; A3: evaluation of clinical practice), 10 second-level indicators and 23 third-level indicators for assessing teaching effect of laparoscopic simulation training. The indicator system framework has good internal consistency (Cronbach α= 0.968) and external consistency (>0.72). The empirical study found that: in the results of A1-A3 in the first level indicator, the score of the experienced group was significantly higher than that of the inexperienced group ( P<0.05). In the evaluation results of the 10 secondary indicators in the secondary indicators B1-B10, the score of the experienced group was significantly higher than that of the inexperienced group ( P<0.01). For the first time, we have established and evaluated a comprehensive evaluation indicator system which is reliable and effective and can be used for further evaluation of teaching effect of laparoscopic simulation training. The following empirical studies have verified the effectiveness and practicability of the evaluation system.
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Objective:To make an empirical study on verifying whether the self-developed simple laparoscopic simulator can play a good role in the training of laparoscopic skills.Methods:Twenty-four Batch 2018 and Batch 2019 undergraduates of five-year clinical medicine of the Army Medical University were recruited in this study, and they were randomly divided into a research group and a control group for 4 weeks of simulation training, 3 times a week, 1 class hour each time. The training content was fundamental laparoscopic skills (FLSs). Before and after the training, the assessment was performed and the results and completion time were recorded. After the training, a satisfaction questionnaire was conducted among all trainees. SPSS 22.0 was used for data statistical analysis.Results:There was no statistical difference between the completion time and assessment results of the two groups before training ( P > 0.05). After four weeks of training, the completion time of the research group was shortened by 10.03% and the training performance increased by 35.17%; the completion time of the control group was shortened by 2.09%, and the training performance improved 12.34%. The comparison between groups found that the research group was superior than the control group, and the performance of the two groups were all improved after training. Most trainees recognized the simulator and were willing to promote it to other trainees according to the questionnaire feedback. Conclusion:The original laparoscopic simulator has a better training effect on simulation training than the traditional apprenticeship teaching has, which is of great significance for the promotion and optimization of laparoscopic skills teaching.
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Objective To explore the classification of gliomas according to the theory and method of radiomics. Methods In this study, 161 pathologically confirmed glioma patients were retrospectively selected from 2012 to 2016 including 52 low-grade gliomas and 109 high-grade gliomas.Three hundred and forty-six quantization features were extracted from the MRI images, including shape, density, texture and wavelet imaging features. Mutual information and logistic regression model were used to select feature reduction and prediction model. The predictive ability of the model was validated using 10-fold cross-validation. Results Nineteen radiomics features were chosen from 346 quantization features. The sensitivity of the model was 96.3% (105/109), the specificity was 78.8% (41/52), the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.952 7, and the accuracy was 90.7%(146/161). Conclusion The solution proposed in this paper showed that radiomics can non-invasively and quickly provide an adjunct to the clinical grade of glioma with high accuracy.
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Objective To observe the effect of dynamic articulars panning external fixation combined with limited internal fixation for distal radius comminuted fracture.Methods 100 comminuted distal radius fractures patients during September 2014 and September 2014 in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group and research group,50 cases in each group.Patients of the control group accepted conventional manual reduc-tion combined with plaster external fixation,patients of the research group accepted dynamic articulars panning exter-nal fixation combined with limited internal fixation treatment.Curative effect,the palm inclination angle and feet were compared between the two groups.Results (1)After surgical treatment and rehabilitation therapy,15 patients in the control group achieved optimal degree,28 cases in the research group achieved optimal degree(P =0.086);9 cases in the control group were the poor degree;only 2 patients in the research group were poor degree(P =0.025).Statistical analysis showed that two differences were statistically significant,(P <0.05).(2)After 3 months,the palmar tilt of patients in the control group was (6.5 ±2.2)°,while that of the research group was (8.5 ±2.5)°(t =4.25,P <0.000 1 );The average ulnar deviation of control group was (12.3 ±4.3)°,and that of the research group was (15.6 ±6.6)°(t =2.96,P =0.003 8).In a word,the average palmar tilt and ulnar deviation of the research group were greater than those in the control group,the difference showed statistically significant.6 months later,the average palmar tilt of the control group patients was (6.2 ±2.3)°,that of the research group was (8.8 ±2.5)°(t =5.41, P <0.000 1 );the ulnar deviation of the control group was (12.1 ±4.1 )°,and that of the research group was (16.3 ±4.4)°(t =4.93,P <0.000 1),the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion Dynamic articulars panning external fixation combined with limited internal fixation for the treatment of distal radius comminuted fracture effect is significant,which is worthy of clinical promotion.
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At present, there are many effective ways to achieve high performance in cluster system storage management, including server-end disk, server-end caching, local caching and cooperative caching. The cooperative caching mechanism shares caches among different clients so as to avoid expensive disk access costs and to improve overall throughput of cluster system. In this paper, a Single Copy Cooperative Cache model is proposed together with block lookup algorithm, block replacement algorithm and the consistency algorithm based on the model. Meanwhile, the prototype system of the model is implemented in PVFS file system. Finally, the performance of this system is tested in InfiniBand Framework, the result of which shows that in contrast to the original PVFS system, read performance of PVFS file system is improved by about two times, while write performance is reduced by nearly ten percent.
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Influences of the clock resolution of bandwidth estimator on the accuracy and stability of the packet pair algorithm was analyzed. A mathematic model has been established to reveal the relationship between the result deviation coefficient and the packet size, clock resolution and real bandwidth(value)of the measured route. A bandwidth self-adapting packet pair algorithm was presented based on the mathematic model to reduce the estimation error resulting from the clock resolution and to improve the accuracy and stability of measurement by adjusting the deviation coefficient. Experimental results have verified the validity and stability of the algorithm.
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Influences of the clock resolution of bandwidth estimator on the accuracy and stability of the packet pair algorithm was analyzed. A mathematic model has been established to reveal the relationship between the result deviation coefficient and the packet size, clock resolution and real bandwidth (value) of the measured route. A bandwidth self-adapting packet pair algorithm was presented based on the mathematic model to reduce the estimation error resulting from the clock resolution and to improve the accuracy and stability of measurement by adjusting the deviation coefficient. Experimental results have verified the validity and stability of the algorithm.
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Micro-and ultrastructure of the photoreceptors and first visual ganglion in the different regions of the compound eye of the wild male and female housefly, and the projections of the photoreceptor cells within the subsequent visual centers have been studied. The morphology of the retina and lamina ganglia in the front dorsal and the equatorial regions of the male compound eye and the front ventral region of the female one, and the projections of the retina within the lamina show the sexspecific characteristics underlying the function of chasing behavior in the housefly.
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The common, particular structure and the arrangement pattern of the retinula in the compound eye of the housefly Musca domestica have been investigated, and the structures of the retinula cells here been compared with an electron microscope under dark, bright and high intensity light adaptation condition.In general, the retinula of the compound eye is composed of eight retinula cells, but some retinula is composed of six, seven, or nine, ten retinula cells.The arrangement pattern of the retinula in the right, left compound eye and dorsal, ventral regions of the compound eye are the mirror image inversion. But the arrangement pattern of some retinula in the dorsal or ventral region is also the mirror image inversion.The greater part of pigment granules in the retinula cells No.1～6 move towards the rhabdomere, the pigment granules in the retinula cells No.7～8 do not move, but the pigment granules in the some retinula cells No.7～8 move towards the rhabdomere under high intensity light adaptation condition.
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1. The central retinular cells R_7 in the compound eye of male housefly can be divided into two types which are called here R_(7a) and R_(7b) respectively. R_(7a) approximate many features of R_(1-6) cells, which have a larger, cell body, rhabdomere and axon, terminate in the first optic neuropil (lamina). R_(7b) approximate many features of R_8 cell and project directly to the second optic neuropil (medulla). 2. The central retinular cell R_(7a) in the compound eye of male housefly distribute mainly the dorsal region of the eye, there are a few of R_(7a) in the ventral region of the eye, which only distribute in the first and second row ommatidia under equatorial line, but not found in the compound eye of female housefly.
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The changes of the ultrastructure of the photoreceptors in the compound eye of horsefly (Tabanus mandarinus) were observed electromicroscopically at both the mid-day and mid-night. We found that there were various structural changes in cones, pigment cells, retinula cells, rhabdomeres at the two different times.The functional significance of the day and night changes of the photoreceptors and their relations to natural light illumination were discussed.